Health Benefits
Mushrooms are rich sources of disease-fighting compounds. Here are some you can capitalize on to boost your immunity and stay strong
Men started to consume mushrooms as food and medicine more than 2,000 years ago. Besides being a potent anti-inflammatory food, we know that many of the fungi we use today contained active compounds that have anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, blood sugar-lowering, and other potentially valuable therapeutic properties.
Edible mushrooms are also great sources of proteins, antioxidants, minerals, fibers and trace elements that are comparable to some leafy greens. But unlike other produce, fungi require much lesser water, soil and space to mass cultivate.
Not convinced? Below are highlights of some fascinating medicinal mushrooms to open your eyes to the kingdom of fungi!
6 Anti-Inflammatory Mushrooms that Boost Your Immune System
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Agaricus Blazei Murrill (ABM) Mushroom

Agaricus Blazei Murill Mushroom - Introduction
The mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill was discovered in Piedade, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and sent to Japan to be studied for its medicinal properties.
Some 30 years ago, a US researcher noted that the rate of occurrence of adult diseases in the Piedade region is extremely low, and found that it was because Agaricus Blazei Murrll that was a part of the regular diet of the inhabitants of this area.
Around the same time, Agaricus was introduced to Japan. Dr. Shoji Shibata, who at the time was a professor in the Pharmacological Department of Tokyo niversity, and Dr. Tetuo Ikegawa of the National Cancer Center, jointly researched the pharmacological effects of Agaricus.
The research results were released at the general convention of the Japan Pharmacological Association and the Japan Cancer Association. The experience with mice verified that the polysaccharide Beta-glucan contained in Agaricus significantly activated the immune system. Studies in guinea pigs revealed anti-tumor properties, triggering Japanese importation of Agaricus blazei Murill from Brazil.
http://www.vitalitymushrooms.com/2012/04/10/facts-agaricus-blazei-murill/
Agaricus Blazei Murill Mushroom - Potent Japanese Anti-Cancer Medicine
This mushroom was presented by professors Hitoshi Ito, Keishiro Shimura and Sensuke Naruse of mushroom research group at Mie University medical school as a highlight at the "the 39th General Meeting of Japanese Cancer Academy" in 1980.
- Agaricus Blazei Murrill is a carcinostatic food that improves the immunity function of human body
Through the joint research by Mie University medical school, Kobe University faculty of agriculture and Iwade Fungology Institute, it was announced at various academic meeting that Agaricus Blazei Murrill (Iwaide's 101 strains) has anticancer effect against implanted solid cancer, ascites cancer and cancer induced by carcinogenic chemicals on test animals and various other medical effects including inhibition of hepatopathy induced by carbon quadrichloride, decholesterolization, reduction of serum lipid, activation of the third component in complement system and interferon induction.
It was also found out through recent study that it activates helper-T lymphocyte, controls immunity system, activates macrophage, activates the function of cell membrane skin system and accelerates enterokinesia against gallbladder cancer. Furthermore, it has been proven that it has antiallergy effect and accelerates cardiac movement.
1. The surprising anti-cancer effect of Agaricus Blazei Murrill Mushroom
When carcinoma cells called "Sarcoma 180" is transplanted to subcutis of 5 - 6 week old mice, the carcinoma cells proliferate into a big tumor (cancer) and most of such mice will die within 4-5 weeks.
After transplanting carcinoma cells and making sure that they are settled, certain solutions containing physiological saline and polysaccharides of various fungi including Agaricus Blazei Murrill were administered to the mice daily for 10 days, starting from 24 hours after transplanting. The size of cancer and proliferation impediment rate was periodically monitored and compared to control group of mice, to which only physiological saline was administered.
Observation was continued for 60 days with different fungus used for the solution, and anticancer effect of each mushroom was determined by comparing the number of mice from which the cancer completely disappeared. From the result shown in "Table 1: Complete Disappearance of Cancer", Agaricus Blazei Murrill has demonstrated eminent anticancer activity with its complete disappearance rate of 87.5% and cancer impediment rate of 93.6% through administration of 10mg of polysaccharide per 1kg of mouse body weight.
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2. Discovery of anticancer active components of Agaricus Blazei Murrill
Six kinds of high polymer polysaccharides have been found as carcinostatic active components of Agaricus Blazei Murrill (see Table 2). FIII-2-b (complex of b-(1-6)àD-glycan and protein) and RNA (nucleic acid) complex showed a remarkable anti-cancer activity. These substances were confirmed as anti-cancer active components obtained from the mushroom.
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3. Carcinostatic polysaccharides obtained from cultured mycelium and filtrate of Agaricus Blazei Murrill Mushroom
Many kinds of carcinostatic polysaccharides (Polysaccharides are also referred to as glycans. A glycan is a high polymer sugar containing many interconnected simple sugars such as glucose or xylose.) are contained in the fruit body (mushroom body) of Agaricus Blazei Murrill.
On the other hand, carcinostatic polysaccharides can also be obtained from the mycelium of Agaricus Blazei Murrill. Fungal seeds of Agaricus Blazei Murrill will be cultivated in a liquid culture media containing glucose, yeast extract, small amount of mineral salts and water for a long time under a fixed temperature. Then the mycelium gets centrifuged and goes through thermal extraction. Ethyl alcohol will be added to its culture filtrate in order to obtain precipitation of polysaccharides. Carcinostatic polysaccharides can also be extracted from the filtrate section obtained through cultivation of the mycelium.
Polysaccharide AB-P is obtained from the fruit body, ATOM from the culture mycelium and AB-FP from the filtrate of Agaricus Blazei Murrill. In the comparison experiment of mice carrying "Sarcoma 180" cancer, 10mg of AB-FP per 1kg of mice weight was administered for 10 days.
* Four weeks later, the tumor inhibition rate was found to be 100%.
* 20mg of ATOM and AB-FP also showed the tumor inhibition rate as high as 99%.
* Complete disappearance rate at five weeks was also close to 100%.
* From these results, it is confirmed that these polysaccharides have extremely high anticancer effect.
AB-P |
Agaricus Blazei polysaccharide |
ATOM |
Anti-tumor Organic Substance Mie |
AB-FP |
Agaricus Blazei culture filtrate polysaccharide |
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4. Cancer prevention effects observed through animal experiments
Cancer proliferation inhibition effect of Agaricus Blazei Murrill is confirmed through experiments with mice. Administration of anti-oncogenous polysaccharide originated from Agaricus Blazei Murrill to the subject mice was started from 10 days before cancer transplanting. Then "Sarcoma 180" solid cancer was transplanted to subcutis of the mice 24 hours after the final administration. After the transplantation, polysaccharide was not administered to the mice. Physiological salt solution was administered and the same cancer was transplanted to another group of mice for comparison. Anticancer effect was judged by comparison of tumor inhibition, complete disappearance and survival rates.
From the result shown in Table 3, complete disappearance was observed in 5 cases out of 10 for the group of mice that received 10mg/kg and in 7 cases out of 10 for the group which received 20mg/kg. Tumor impediment rate was 64.1%, 79.6% and 94.2% for the group that received 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg respectively. Thus, anticancer effect was confirmed and it is dependent on the amount of polysaccharide.
5. Agaricus Blazei Murrill effective against cancer induced by chemical carcinogen
It is said that more than 80% of human cancer is caused by chemical substances in the environment. Neutral polysaccharides (b-D-glycan, xyloglycan), acid hetero-polysaccharide (uronyde, a kind of galactoglycan), proteinic polysaccharide (peptide glycan) and nucleic acid elements (ribonucleotide protein) are the components of Agaricus Blazei Murrill enabling anticancer activity.
Fibroblastemic sarcoma (cancer) induced by chemical carcinogen called methylcholanthrene was transplanted to subcutis of mice. FIII-2-b originated from Agaricus Blazei Murrill (complex of b-D-glycan and protein), 5-FU (fluorouracil) and ATOM (mycelium polysaccharide obtained from Agaricus Blazei Murrill) were administered to the mice from 24 hours after the transplantation in order to examine the anticancer effect.
From the result shown in Figure 2, it is observed that FIII-2-b and 5-FU inhibits the proliferation of cancer independently. It is also confirmed that 5-FU, when administered together, remarkably increased the anticancer effect of polysaccharide extracted from Agaricus Blazei Murrill. Cell-destroying anticancer medicine also affects normal cells. Strong side effects are expected especially in hematopoietic, bone marrow and digestive systems. However, it is possible to reduce the dosage and side effects by using Agaricus Blazei Murrill concomitantly. It also enables long term administration of anticancer medicine to increase the effect of treatment.
It was confirmed from the result of Table 4 that a mycelium polysaccharide of Agaricus Blazei Murrill also shows anticancer activity against fibroblastemic sarcoma.
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6. Agaricus Blazei Murrill is effective against mammary gland adenocarcinoma
The tumor called "Shionogi 42" is the adenocarcinoma that naturally generated in the mammary gland at the left groin of female mice of "dds (DS) family" that were raised in Aburabi Farm at Shionogi Co., Ltd. Research Center in 1959. This cancer is transplantable to DS mice of family only and as shown in Table 6, it is difficult to cure this cancer with conventional anticancer medicine.
The tumor inhibition rate 25.1% as the result of ATOM administration at 100mg/kg dosage is not so convincing, but at 300mg/kg dosage, the inhibition rate rose to 48.5%. It was also observed that polysaccharide originated from Agaricus Blazei Murrill shows stronger cancer inhibition activity than anticancer medicines such as mitomycin C (antioncogenous antibiotic) or fluorouracil (pyrimidine metabolism antagonizing antitumor medicine).
7. Steroid content of Agaricus Blazei Murrill inhibits proliferation of utero-cervical cancer cell that originated in human body
Agaricus Blazei Murrill's inhibition system inhibits, destroys and stops proliferation or metastasis of carcinoma cell by activating and reinforcing the self-defense system naturally endowed to the host, i.e. immunity function. This function can be divided into specific and non-specific immunity. Typically, immunity function is exercised by lymphocyte (T- and B-lymphocyte) that exists in the blood, antibody (globulin), complement, macrophage (a serum protein enzyme that plays an important role in bacteriolysis, phagocytosis and immune cytolysis, activated by various antigen-antibody reaction), leukocyte, etc.
In addition to various polysaccharides which shows anticancer activity by strengthening the immunity function, Agaricus Blazei Murrill contains steroids that directly affect carcinoma cells and inhibit cancer proliferation in the manner similar to that of typical chemotherapeutic medicines. Three out of six kinds of steroids dissociated from the acetone extract of Agaricus Blazei Murrill were found to have inhibition effect against the proliferation of carcinoma cell in a test tube.
It is reported that the steroids with structures shown as formula 1,2 and 4 of Figure 3 inhibited the proliferation of carcinoma cells at such low density as 8ppm, 16ppm and 64ppm respectively, in an experiment using HeLa cells (uterocervical cancer cell that originated in human body).
Ergosterol, a precursor of vitamin D, does not show an anticancer action by itself. However, it has been made clear that the new synthetic steroid biosynthesized from ergosterol (structural formula 3 of in Figure 3) also works as an inhibitor against proliferation of carcinoma cells. Even if carcinoma cells are generated in the body, it does not immediately start carcinogenesis. Considering the fact that it takes years for carcinoma cells to proliferate and undermine the body and finally cause carcinogenesis, it can be said that Agaricus Blazei Murrill is a mushroom of wonder that prevents every disease with its steroids content, directly inhibiting the proliferation of carcinoma cells.
8. Agaricus Blazei Murrill and anti-cancer medicine results in synergistic effect
Krestin (PS-K) extracted from trametes versicolor, a mushroom of polyporaceae family and letinan made of polysaccharide extracted from lentinula edodes are clinically used as medicines for immunotherapy. These medicines are said to be more effective when used with other anticancer (chemotherapeutic) medicines. Concomitant use of polysaccharide extracted from the mycelium of Agaricus Blazei Murrill (ATOM) and other anticancer medicines was examined using Sarcoma 180 solid cancer.
Starting from 24 hours after transplantation of the cancer, ATOM was administered to the mice in the abdomen for 10 consecutive days and other anticancer medicines were administered by injection 3 times a week, for 2 weeks. As shown in Table 5, through concomitant use with ATOM, it resulted in 4.8 times for mitomycin, 6.8 times for endoxan, 2.1 times for cytosine arabinosid and 6.3 times for fluorouracil synergistic effect compared to single use of respective anticancer medicine.
The data suggests that the immunity activation effect of polysaccharide from Agaricus Blazei Murrill increases the anticancer activity of other medicines and more effective extermination of cancer can be expected by impeding the proliferation of carcinoma cell through concomitant use.
9. Agaricus Blazei Murrill enhances the cancer treatment effect of radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is a popular cancer treatment method, but it also has a disadvantage of attacking normal cells as well as carcinoma cells (and causing secondary cancers). NFT (Nakahara-Fukuoka Tumor) is a fiber sarcoma that naturally generated in the subcutis of mice. This sarcoma was named after the doctors Kazuro Nakahara and Fumiko Fukuoka at National Cancer Center of Japan who discovered it in 1949.
Administration of ATOM does not produce anticancer effect against this tumor. When it is administered twice with a week's interval to NFT cells that received X-ray irradiation of 1500R, the mortality of mice drops, but the tumor does not disappear completely.
However, it was confirmed that through concomitant use of Agaricus Blazei Murrill polysaccharide (ATOM) and radiotherapy, the tumor in 40 - 50% of the mouse disappears completely.
As to Shionogi 42 cancer, when AST cells were administered of ATOM twice with a week's interval after receiving X-ray irradiation of 1500R (this amount was found to be appropriate through preliminary experiments), complete disappearance rate increased and mortality remarkably dropped. Thus, synergistic anticancer effect through concomitant use of Agaricus Blazei Murrill and radiotherapy was confirmed in animal experiments. This mushroom plays an important clinical role when used with radiotherapy as well as anticancer medicines.
Furthermore, the synergistic effect of ATOM and radiotherapy was found to be more effective to female mice than male mice, as shown in Table 6. Considering the similarity between mice and human being in the aspects of life span difference between men and women, the data is very interesting because it may be suggested that the same is true for human being.
10. First step of treatment by anti-cancer medicine is to understand side effect
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11. Agaricus Blazei Murrill helps recovery from the inhibition of reticuloendothelial system function caused by anti-cancer medicines
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12. Agaricus Blazei Murrill stimulates the immunocompetent cells, improves the immunity function and stops the activity of cancer
Figure 5 is the result of study made under gallbladder cancer condition with weak immunity function to see whether Agaricus Blazei Murrill shows an action to help the recovery of the immunity function. When the polysaccharide extracted from Agaricus Blazei Murrill was administered, the level of Thy1 and 2 positive cells (marker of all T-cells), L3T4 positive cells (marker of helper/inducer T-cells) and Asisalo GM1 positive cells (marker for natural killer cells and activated macrophage) significantly increased.
From this result, it can be observed that Agaricus Blazei Murrill prevents carcinoma cell activities by strengthening the helper T-cells (commanders of immunity system) and cooperating with macrophage and natural killer cells (guards and soldiers).
13. Agaricus Blazei Murrill is also effective against ascites cancer
Polysaccharides extracted from mushrooms of polyporaceae family are generally effective against sarcoma 180 solid cancer. But it is said that this effect cannot be expected against ascites cancer where the growth of cancer is slow (they are scattered and floating under the peritoneum) such as Ehrlich ascites cancer.
When ascites cancer is transplanted, all subjects die from it within 2 weeks. Animals are considered to die from fast growth of ascites cancer cells while the polysaccharides cannot improve the cancer inhibition function of immune system in time. However, there are data (Table 7) to show the effectiveness of Agaricus Blazei Murrill in animal experiments with ascites cancer, for which the same effect could not be expected by using traditional immunoactivating medicines.
14. Agaricus Blazei Murrill's lipid section is also anticancer active
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15. Agaricus Blazei Murrill activates macrophage
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16. Agaricus Blazei Murrill proved to be more effective against ascites cancer than other anticancer medicines
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17. Agaricus Blazei Murrill activates reticuloendothelial system function
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18. Agaricus Blazei Murrill solution to allergic diseases without side effects
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19. Clinical data confirms that Agaricus Blazei Murrill improves hepatic function
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20. Agaricus Blazei Murrill's immunopotentiation effect strongly supports pancreas
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21. Agaricus Blazei Murrill prevention of diabetes-related complications
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22. Many effective components included in Agaricus Blazei Murrill repair and maintain homeostasis
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Table 1
The effect of polysaccharides extracted from basidiomycetes and bacteria against "Sarcoma 180" solid cancer |
Name |
Dosage (mg/kg x days) |
Complete disappearance rate |
Tumor impediment rate |
Agaricus Blazei Murrill (Iwaide's 101 strains) |
1x10 |
10/16 |
80.7 |
|
10x10 |
28/32 |
93.6 |
Fomitopsis pinicola(cultivated) |
10x10 |
5/10 |
73.4 |
Tremella fuciformis |
10x20 |
4/8 |
75.2 |
|
50x16 |
0/8 |
66.7 |
Fomitopsis castanea |
10x10 |
0/9 |
64.8 |
Inonotus flavidas |
10x10 |
3/10 |
76.9 |
Trametes versicolor (cultivated) |
10x10 |
6/8 |
88.7 |
|
50x10 |
8/8 |
92.9 |
Polyporus umbellatus |
0.5x10 |
25/30 |
83.3 |
|
1x10 |
26/30 |
86.7 |
Ganoderma lucidum |
20x10 |
5/10 |
83.9 |
|
100x10 |
4/10 |
68.2 |
Trametes orientalis |
10x11 |
0/8 |
60.4 |
Penicillium (cultivated) |
10x11 |
0/8 |
33.3 |
Plant damping-off germ (cultivated) |
10x11 |
3/8 |
79.6 |
Bjerkandera dichrous |
10x11 |
1/8 |
75.2 |
Morchella esculenta |
10x11 |
1/8 |
77.1 |
Control Group (Physiological saline 0.25ml) |
x10 |
0/68 |
- |
Tumor impediment rate was judged at week 4.
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Mushrooms - Medicinal Properties
For centuries, Asians have attributed curative properties to some mushrooms. Reports from China since about 500 BC, on the medicinal properties of Ganoderma lucidum (known in China as reishi) extracts, especially its anti-cancer properties, have been passed on generation to generation (Mizuno et al., 1995a; 1995c), and since the Ming dynasty (1620 AD), there have been reports on the medicinal properties of Lentinula edodes (shiitake) mushrooms, considered an elixir of life and possessing the ability to enhance `vital energy’ and cure colds (Mizuno, 1995a).
In the late Twentieth Century, researchers in Japan demonstrated the anti-tumor effects of a Brazilian mushroom, identified as Agaricus blazei Murill, which became subject of studies by several research groups (Kawagishi et al., 1988; 1989; Osaki et al., 1
Agaricus Blazei Murill (ABM) Mushroom - Nutritional Benefits
Although the first reports of this mushroom date from the forties, only after its discovery in Brazil, in 1965, l – for Mr. Furumoto, a Japanese farmer from Piedade/SP -, a larger interest of the scientific community was aroused, mainly in Japan (country that received the first samples), United States and China. Since then, several researches have been accomplished, demonstrating the qualities and benefits of Agaricus.
Considering the nutricional and physiologic importance of the Agaricus mushrooms, Kazumasa Abe requested in 1998, through National Biosciences and Human Technology Institute from the Industrial Technology Agency of the Ministry of International and Industrial Trade of Japan.
Agaricus in natura contains 85 to 87% of water. After the dehydration, it is rich in proteins and carbohydrates and it contains considerable amounts of vitamins – B1, B2, B3 and ergosterol, that it is transformed in D2 vitamin after exhibition to light and cooking -, lipeds (represented mainly by poli-insaturated greasy acids), minerals – potassium (about 2%), phosphorous, magnesium, calcium, sodium, copper, zinc, iron and molibdenium.
In chemical composition, besides the mentioned nutrients, we can found glycoproteins, steroids and polysaccharides complexes with proteins that, when analyzed in laboratory cavies, present properties that potentialize the immune system, the homeostasys and improve the physical conditions of the organism, besides producing pronounced antitumor activity.
Agaricus originates from Piedade, which is located in the suburbs of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The climatic conditions in Piedade include temperatures that soar to 35º during the day and dip to between 20º and 25º at night, with a humidity that averages 80 %. The place also experiences regular squall toward evening. Agaricus thrives only under these conditions, suggesting that its survival is significantly affected by these external conditions.
Agaricus Blazei Murill in treatment of cancer
As Agaricus grows only in certain conditions, its production in Brazil remained unstable. Moreover, Agaricus was mostly consumed locally, and importing it into Japan was extremely difficult. Despite efforts in Japan over many years to cultivate Agaricus under artificial conditions, it proved extremely difficult, and failed to guarantee a stable production output. However, in 1992, kyowa Engineering achieved a world first when it successfully mass-produced Agaricus by taking advantage of the company’s biotechnological expertise. Consequently, the company was able to provide a stable supply of Agaricus to the health food market.
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Almond Mushroom (Agaricus Subrufescens)
Almond Mushroom (Agaricus Subrufescens) Why this Medicinal Mushroom?
Almond mushroom (Agaricus Subrufescens) is a famous fungus with a big identity crisis. Several popular fungi and their derivatives that were marketed under the names like Agaricus blazei murrill and Agaricus brasiliensis in the last few decades should really have been Agaricus subrufescens instead.
Health Benefits of Almond Mushroom:
Almond mushroom has attracted the attention of scientists and consumers alike due to its potential anti-cancer, immuno-regulating, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. Based on a 2005 survey, it was reportedly the most popular complementary and alternative medicine used by cancer patients in Japan.
How to Get and Use Almond Mushroom:
Fresh and dried Agaricus subrufescens are available in well-stocked supermarkets and Asian stores. The fresh mushroom has a delicate almond-like aroma and taste, while the dried version acquired a stronger fragrance and a chewier texture.
However, note that mushrooms from the Agaricus family, including Agaricus subrufescens, do contain a tiny amount of natural occurring carcinogen agaritine. Cooking usually destroys most of the agaritine in the mushroom and should not be a concern. But if you’re planning to take raw, powder form of the fungus for long-term, choose one that has agaritine removed.
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Bamboo Fungus (Phallus Indusiatus)
Bamboo Fungus (Phallus Indusiatus) Why this Medicinal Mushroom?
Bamboo fungus (Phallus indusiatus) is a tropical mushroom belonging to the stinkhorn family that sports a bell-shaped cap and a long, elaborate net-like skirt.
Also called veiled lady mushroom, Zhu Sun or Dictyophora indusiata, it contains seven essential amino acids and 12 metallic ions, and is rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, calcium and phosphate.
Health Benefits of Bamboo Fungus:
Early studies found that it may help to reduce low-density lipoprotein (‘bad’ chlesterol) and excessive acid in the body fluids, while increasing high-density lipoprotein (‘good’ cholesterol) and overall immunity. (Source)
Research also found that bamboo fungus shares some of the therapeutic properties as other medicinal mushrooms, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-hyperglycemic and antimicrobial.
How to Get and Use Bamboo Fungus:
Bamboo fungus used to be a delicacy prized by the Chinese. Before mass cultivation of the fungus is possible, it used to occur only in the wild and thus, is hard to come by.
But now, dried cultivated bamboo fungus can easily be found in many Asian stores. To use it, simply soak it in water until it’s soft and then wash it thoroughly to remove grit and dirt.
By itself, bamboo fungus is tasteless but has an almost crunchy and tender texture. Its long, sponge-like stalk (stipe to be exact) means it can readily soaks up any flavoring or gravy that you dip it in, making the fungus a versatile ingredient to use. The Chinese also believe that adding Zhu Sun in their cooking can help to prevent food from spoiling easily.
To date, capsule or powder form of phallus indusiatus is not common.
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Cordyseps Mushroom
Cordyseps mushroom is the #1 most revered and sort after ingredient in all of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Caterpillar Fungus (Cordyceps Sinensis)
Caterpillar Fungus (Cordyceps Sinensis)Why this Medicinal Mushroom?
Unlike other fungi which grow in soil or on trees, caterpillar fungus grows out of the body of an underground moth larva. So the complete fungus actually consists of a dried caterpillar with the fruiting body of the mushroom protruding from its head. Caterpillar fungus is known by many names: Dong Chong Xia Cao (which literally means winter worm, summer grass in Chinese), Cordyceps sinensis, or more accurately, Ophiocordyceps sinensis.
Health Benefits of Cordyceps Sinensis:
Caterpillar fungus is a highly valued medicinal ‘mushroom’ in traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine, though it is strictly speaking not a mushroom. It’s prescribed to “replenish the kidney and soothe the lung, and for the treatment of fatigue.” Traditional Chinese physicians use it to treat a broad range of conditions, including night sweating, sexual dysfunction, high blood sugar, respiratory disease, kidney dysfunction, irregular heartbeat and other heart and liver disease. (Source)
Several preliminary data also suggested that extracts of Cordyceps sinensis could be useful against cancerous tumor, chemical-induced kidney damages, diabetes, inflammation, radiation-induced bone marrow and intestinal injuries, high blood cholesterol, and oxidative damage. In addition, it may also help to boost exercise endurance, increase energy levels and even lift depressive moods. In Taiwan and China, Cordyceps sinensis is used to stimulate the immune system to fight cancer cells and to reduce kidney transplant complications.
How to Get and Use Cordyceps Sinensis:
Wild Cordyceps sinensis, consisting of the whole caterpillar and the attached fruiting body, cannot be grown artificially the way we can grow other medicinal mushrooms. That’s why the price of wild-harvested Cordyceps sinensis is prohibitively high and continues to go up.
Fortunately, we can fall back on cultivated Cordyceps sinensis which is mainly sold as cordyceps dietary supplement rather than as a form of food. Although cultured cordyceps fungi are reproduced without the use of any larva as host, they appear to have similar potency as wild-harvested ones according to this study as well as most of the research hyperlinked here.
Dr. Oz Cordyceps Mushroom for Fatigue
Dr. Oz on today’s live show talked about the use of Cordyceps to fight fatigue. Now Cordyceps is something that has been around in the sports nutrition community for quite some time. It’s a supplement used by a lot of runners actually. It allows them to breathe better and become less tired during their running.
So What is Dr. Oz’s Cordyceps Mushroom?
Cordyceps, one of the better-known traditional Chinese medicines, consists of the dried fungus Cordyceps sinensis growing on the larva of the caterpillar. It is commonly used in China for the replenishment of general body health. Cordyceps has a broad range of pharmacological and biological actions on the liver, kidneys, heart, and immune system. One of the known pharmacological effects is its anti-oxidation activity. Cordyceps sinensis, a well-known and valued traditional Chinese medicine, is also called DongChongXiaCao (winter worm summer grass) in Chinese.
Cordyceps Mushroom Benefits
Helps regulate cholesterol levels. Various formal studies demonstrated that administration of Cordyceps Sinensis extract helps t regulated cholesterol level.
Stimulates the immune system. Cordyceps Sinensis Extract helps in boosting the immune system. It protects the body from infections. It enhances the defence mechanism in the body.
Alleviates the symptoms of various respiratory illnesses. Cordyceps Sinensis extract is the most effective with respiratory illnesses.
Increases energy level. In ancient China Cordyceps Sinensis has initially been used as a energy tonic. Cordyceps increases the cellular ATP level and oxygen utilization, which leads to a real increase in actual energy that is available for use.
Regulates blood pressure. The research has shown that administration of Cordyceps can help with regulating blood pressure and blood supply.
Regulates kidney and liver function.
Dr. Oz Recommendation / Directions
Take 3 grams per day spreadout through the day,
By
Jef Moriarty
"Since many of these poisons are showing up in the umbilical cord blood of infants,
it`s about time we got serious about getting them out of the environment. Using mushroom mycelium is an
environmentally friendly way to do it, and it`s far less expensive than conventional methods of environmental cleanup."
- Paul Stemets - Mycologist and Author
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As people search for cures to what ails them, the evidence keeps pointing toward natural ingredients as the key to longevity and well-being. Of course, the pharmaceutical industry doesn’t like this trend, as it robs them of the profits they make by forcing chemical cures into our lives. We are finding out again what the ancient herbalists and medicine men knew – mushrooms are among the most potent herbs on the planet Earth. Of course, not every mushroom is created equal, but one of the most promising and potent mushrooms is the Lion’s Mane Mushroom.
Improving Well-Being with Lion's Mane Mushrooms
Lion's Mane Mushrooms are fantastic immune system boosters. Those who take Lion's Mane claim that within a week they are able to notice a
difference in memory after building up within the immune system. How people take Lion's Mane varies. People may find that a regular intake
of juices with the mushrooms can significantly influence the immune system. Some individuals with arthritis even notice a difference in
their joint movement after taking Lion's Mane for a while. This could be because the body is able to better fight any toxicity within the
body and protect the joints from inflammation and infection.
Lion's Mane and the Mind
Lion's Mane is certainly gaining more attention than what it used to because of its ability to ward off dementia. Perhaps this is why it
has been used as a treatment for some of the world's most difficult diseases for centuries. At one time, Chinese tradition only allowed
Lion's Mane to be eaten by Emperors. This shows how the effect of the mushroom was already known by Chinese doctors. They used Lion's Mane to help relieve issues involving the digestive tract such as duodenal ulcers and stomach ulcers. The mushrooms were also given to those with cancers of the esophagus, the duodenum, and of the stomach.
These effects are due to the beta glucan polysaccharides, or complex sugars, along with fatty acids and polypeptides. All of these have a
lot to do with the curative effects. Also contained within Lion's Mane is oleanolic acids and adenosine. These stimulate the modulation of
the immune system and the induction of interferons. These processes boost the number of white blood cells to help in healing processes.
The healing of ulcers is accelerated, gastric mucus barrier function is enhanced, and anti-inflammatory effects are exhibited.
Lion's Mane Medicinal Effects
One of the most significant effects of Lion's Mane is that it has a positive effect on dementia. A study conducted by Shizoka University
Japan showed that Lion's Mane stimulates Nerve Growth Factor. A lack of Nerve Growth Factor is what contributes to such conditions as
Alzheimer's Disease. Unfortunately, Nerve Growth Factor is something that diminishes and it can be difficult to replenish because it is too
large and significant to pass through the membrane that protects it.
The study conducted at Shizoka showed that Lion's Mane can replenish Nerve Growth Factor, therefore reducing the effects that dementia can
have on a person's life. This significantly improves the quality of life.
Lion's Main vs Neurological Function
This is basically a prevention of the breakdown of healthy neurological function. If there is a breakdown, that breakdown can be stopped and further breakdown prevented. This is not a cure for dementia, but the benefits are significant in slowing down the effects and possibly halting any further damage. To get optimum effects, it is important to add Lion's Mane to an existing supplement schedule. Do not change the intake of vitamins and minerals. Simply add Lion's Mane to the routine to reap the benefits of all the things you are doing to improve your health.
Right now, the most conventional method to treat Alzheimer's Disease is to treat those symptoms that are the result of dying neurons. With
Lion's Mane, the cause is treated. The mushroom actually has an influence on what the cause is. It is not completely understood what
leads to the loss of Nerve Growth Factor, but replenishing the Nerve Growth Factor through a natural remedy makes a significant difference
A person can also add Lion's Mane to their diet to simply work on preventing dementia. Keeping Nerve Growth Factor fed will help it
remain intact as you age. You can also reap the other health benefits that Lion's Mane has to offer
Lion's Mane Mushroom - Neuroprotective Effects
Lion's mane mushrooms are increasingly studied for their neuroprotective effects. Two novel classes of Nerve Growth Factors (NGFs) -- molecules stimulating the differentiation and re-myelination of neurons -- have been discovered in this mushroom so far. These cyathane derivatives are termed "hericenones" and "erinacines." The levels of these compounds can vary substantially between strains, based on the measurements our team has conducted.
About a dozen studies have been published on the neuroregenerative properties of lion's mane mushrooms since 1991, when Dr. Kawagishi first identified NGFs in Japanese samples. Since his original discovery, in vitro and in vivo tests have confirmed that hericenones and erinacines stimulate nerve regeneration.
In 2009, researchers at the Hokuto Corporation and the Isogo Central and Neurosurgical Hospital published a small clinical study. Giving lion's mane to 30 Japanese patients with mild cognitive impairment resulted in significant benefits for as long as they consumed the mushrooms:
"The subjects of the Yamabushitake group took four 250 mg tablets containing 96 percent of Yamabushitake dry powder three times a day for 16 weeks. After termination of the intake, the subjects were observed for the next four weeks.
At weeks eight, 12 and 16 of the trial, the Yamabushitake group showed significantly increased scores on the cognitive function scale compared with the placebo group. The Yamabushitake group's scores increased with the duration of intake, but at week four after the termination of the 16 weeks intake, the scores decreased significantly." (Mori, 2009)
Recently, mice were injected with neurotoxic peptides in an experiment to assess the effects of lion's mane on the type of amyloid plaque formation seen in Alzheimer's patients. The mice were then challenged in a standard "Y" maze, designed for testing memory. Mice fed with a normal diet were compared to those supplemented with lion's mane mushrooms. As the peptide-induced plaque developed, the mice lost the ability to memorize the maze.
When these memory-impaired mice were fed a diet containing 5 percent dried lion's mane mushrooms for 23 days, the mice performed significantly better in the Y maze test. Interestingly, the mice regained another cognitive capacity, something comparable to curiosity, as measured by greater time spent exploring novel objects compared to familiar ones.
The reduction of beta amyloid plaques in the brains of mushroom-fed mice vs. the mice not fed any mushrooms was remarkable. The formation of amyloid plaques is what many researchers believe is a primary morphological biomarker associated with Alzheimer's. Plaques linked to beta amyloid peptide inflame brain tissue, interfere with healthy neuron transmission, and are indicated in nerve degeneration.
Lion's Mane Mushroom - Alzheimer's
The medical community is bracing for an increase of patients with Alzheimer's and senile dementia as the baby boomer population ages. Mortality trends related to Alzheimer's are outpacing death rates of many other diseases. This makes preventive and curative treatments of age-related cognitive diseases hot subjects of research. In the past 10 years, deaths from Alzheimer's disease have surged roughly 66 percent, while deaths from other primary diseases have generally declined.
The influence of lion's mane influence on neurological functions may also have other added benefits -- making you feel good. In another small clinical study (n=30), post-menopausal women who consumed lion's mane baked into cookies vs. those without showed less anxiety and depression yet improved in their ability to concentrate (Nagano et al., 2010).
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/paul-stamets/mushroom-memory_b_1725583.html
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Lion's Mane Mushroom - A Dementia Treatment?
Lion's mane has many uses beyond just looking really cool. This strange specimen is considered a medicinal mushroom.
Traditional Chinese Medicine has long prescribed it for stomach problems and cancer of the digestive organs. Modern research suggests that these mushrooms also have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as supporting the immune system against certain types of cancers.
Yet the most exciting discovery about this mushroom is its ability to possibly heal nerve tissues. It contains molecules known as hericenones and erinacines, two compounds suspected to stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF).
NGF is a protein necessary for nerve cells that send information to the brain to function properly. Lack of NGF is considered a cause of certain neurological problems such as Alzheimer's and dementia.
Unfortunately, this protein can't pass through the blood-brain barrier. So treating dementia by injecting NGF into the body isn't going to work.
This is where lion's mane comes in! Due to their low molecular weight, the nerve regenerating compounds in this mushroom do pass the blood-brain barrier. This allows them to stimulate and repair nerve cells in the brain itself, increasing cognitive function.
Healing neurons and myelin (the sheath surrounding nerves) may be useful in treating:
- Dementia
- Alzheimer's
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Senility
- Parkinson's Disease
- Other Neurological Conditions
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Lion’s Mane Mushroom (Hericium Erinaceus)
Lion’s Mane (Hericium Erinaceus)Why this Medicinal Mushroom?
Also known as monkey’s head mushroom, lion’s mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) is a unique looking fungus that has hair-like ‘teeth’ and some serious brain-boosting compounds.
Health Benefits of Lion’s Mane:
Other than enhancing the immune system and zapping cancer cells like other medicinal fungi, extract of yamabushitake (the Japanese name for lion’s mane mushroom) appears to have some beneficial effects on brain functions and autonomic nervous system.
A research conducted in Japan found that subjects who took cookies containing yamabushitake powder for four weeks were less depressed and anxious than those who took placebo cookies. An animal test also showed that Hericium erinaceus extract slowed cognitive impairment in mice which had chemically-induced dementia, while an in vitro experiment found it stimulated nerve growth factor (NGF). Inadequate NGF is believed to play a role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease.
In addition, lion’s mane extract may also improve lipid metabolism, cut blood lipid levels, reduce cell mutation and protect nerve tissue according to some preliminary reports.
How to Get and Use Lion’s Mane:
Like the bamboo fungus, monkey’s head mushroom used to be one of the eight fungus delicacies enjoyed by the ancient Chinese. Nowadays, it’s still a popular choice for important Chinese dinners.
Dried monkey’s head mushrooms are more common than fresh ones, and they can often be found in Asian specialty stores.
Extracts of Hericium erinaceus can also be found at the click of the mouse and in brick-and-mortar health stores.
http://www.vitalitymushrooms.com/
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Lion’s Mane Mushroom – Nerve Food for Life
Lion’s mane mushroom has been shown to be exceptionally active in stimulating the synthesis of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). The mushroom contains substances that stimulate NGF production and pass easily through the blood-brain barrier. One of these substances, called hericenones, actually stimulates the brain to produce more NGF.
The other, even more powerful substance is called erinacines. Erincacines is small enough to pass through the critical blood-brain barrier, and can therefore work within the brain to foster NGF production, which in turn boosts the production of new neurons.
“Lion’s Mane mushroom mycelium is nature’s nutrient for your neurons.”
– Paul Stamets, world-renowned mycologist
The brain isn’t the only part of your body that benefits from lion’s mane. Its healthful properties extend to the entire nervous system. This is because the erinacines actually promote NFG production throughout the body. This means that it may not just protect your brain from degenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, but also guard your whole nervous system against degeneration. Some of the latest researches have even shown that lion’s mane mushroom may actually increase cognitive abilities!
Summary
It seems clear that the lion’s mane mushroom contains myriad of substances that help assist the body to truly thrive. Science will eventually learn exactly how the mushroom does this, but that’s not likely to happen for several years, at least. Until then, those who consume mushrooms regularly will still know their benefits, within.
http://www.foursigmafoods.com/lions-mane-nutrients-for-your-nerves
Lion's Mane Mushroom - Preparation, uses, and tips
Lion’s mane mushrooms can be sautéed, broiled, grilled, or added to any recipe that requires mushrooms. These mushrooms are especially tasty when served over fish or combined with fresh vegetable
Nutritional Highlights
Lion’s mane mushroom, 5 medium (84g)
Calories: 20
Protein: 2g
Carbohydrate: 3g
Total Fat: 0.0g
Fiber: 0.0g
http://www.vitamin-galore.com/Food_Guide/Lions_Mane_Mushroom.htm
Lion's Main Mushroom - Additional Benefits
Lion's Mane is prized by those who know its qualities. Rich in nutrients and active constituents such as Proteins, Ergesterol, Polysaccharides, Oleanic Acid, Potassium, Erinancines and other minerals.
Lion's Mane mushroom or Hericium Erinaceus is definitely a rising star among natural treatments for some of the world's most difficult health problems. This mushroom has been highly prized in Chinese tradition, where it was eaten exclusively by the Emperors.
Lion's Mane mushroom has been a very nutritious and essential food in China and Japan for hundreds of years. Contains bioactive substances such as polysaccharides, adenosine, hericenones and erinacines. Lion's Mane is also known as the "bear's head" and "monkey head" mushroom that is rich in essential amino acids needed by the body.
http://www.wonderherb.com.au/health-supplements/lions-mane.html
Lion's Main Mushroom - Asian Medicine
Hericium erinaceus (Monkey head, Pom Pom) is not only important medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine, but also the delicious edible fungi with a taste reminiscent of nuts and coconut. It originates from China and Japan, where its positive healing effects have long been known.
The content of active substances:
According to the results of the analysis of artificially cultivated mushrooms has demonstrated high levels of:
minerals - potassium, zinc, iron, germanium, selenium, phosphorus but low level of sodium
B vitamins - riboflavin 3.91 mg/100g, niacin 16 to 18.3 mg/100 g, thiamine 5.33 mg/100g
D vitamins - calciferol 240 IU/100g, ergosterol 381mg, all essential amino acids, polysaccharides and polypeptides.
Key components: Cyathane derivatives including hericenones C, D, E, F, G, H and erinacines involved in active stimulation the of NGF production (nerve growth factor).
Lion's Main Mushroom - Healing effects:
Hericium erinaceus in traditional Chinese medicine is used for five organs: kidneys, liver, spleen, heart and stomach. It stimulates digestion, strengthens the body generally, adds vitality and suppresses cancer. It is successfully used to treat stomach cancer, gastritis, gastric disorders, duodenal ulcers and esophageal cancer. It takes the primary very significant effective potential in the treatment of digestive system, from esophagus through the stomach to the intestines. The use of Hericium erinaceus in a supportive or preventive treatment is very wide. In the field of cancer treatment is its effect as a preventive as well as calming.
Hericium erinaceus inhibits the growth of cancerous tumors, strengthens the immune system, has healing effects on stomach disorders, skin disease and eczema. Very interesting are medical studies that deal with its ability to stimulate nerve growth, and therefore is also called "Nature´s Nutrient for the Neuron". Using Hericium erinaceus reduces Alzheimer's disease and other neurological diseases, supports mental health and acts positively on our mood. Hericium erinaceus is an excellent edible mushroom very rich in nutrients, which has 32 flavors and contains a range of bioactive substances. It is ideal for detoxification and weight reduction.
Lion's Main Mushroom - Main Therapeutic Applications:
• stimulation of the immune system, infection
• inflammation (mainly esophagus and stomach lining and intestinal disorders)
• chronic gastritis
• heartburn, indigestion
• reflux
• gastric and duodenal ulcers
• pancreatitis
• Crohn's disease
• hemorrhoids
• cancer, especially digestive tract (stomach, esophagus, intestines, pancreas, larynx, skin), reduction of metastasis of lung cancer
• chemotherapy - the mitigation of adverse effects
• nerve disease (multiple sclerosis, neuropathy, Alzheimer's, dementia, nerve damage)
• overweight
• menopause
• agitation, anxiety, depression
Lion's Mane Mushroom - How to use:
1. Hot water extraction: 10 grams of dried chopped fruiting bodies pour 1 liter of water and bring to a boil. Reduce the temperature and cook 10 minutes more. Drink during the day as warm or cold tea. The water extract can be combined with the extract of Ganoderma lucidum in a 1:1 ratio. Do not throw the cooked mushrooms. This procedure can be repeated even 2x and extracted mushrooms can be consumed. Refrain from using refined sugar. Substitute with pure honey, or fruit sugar instead. Recommended in combination with vitamin C.
2. Clinical trials support the use of dried fruiting body at a dose of 5-10g/day either in the form of raw dried fruiting bodies, or cooked in soup.
Side effects:
Hericium erinaceus shows even at high doses no side effects.
NB: The most effective substances hericenones are found only in fruiting bodies, especially in the hat (lamellae and spores). The origin of the vast majority of mushroom powders in capsules is unclear. In rough drying over 40°C are thermolabile substances such as enzymes and proteins completely destroyed. Therefore are the whole fruiting bodies the most natural and most valuable form of mykotherapie treatment.
http://www.medfun.co.uk/lion's-mane-whole-mushroom-fruiting-bodies
http://www.mushroomharvest.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=102
Lion's Main Mushroom - Other Health Benefits
Other health benefits that are exhibited by Lion's Mane include regulating cholesterol levels and blood sugar. These are very important for healthy lifestyles. What is even better is that Lion's Mane is deemed completely safe. There are no signs of toxicity since the mushroom itself promotes the expulsion of toxins within the body.
Scientific research has shown that there are no known side effects, which may have something to do with the fact that Lion's Mane is completely natural and edible. Throughout recorded history, there have not been any side effects recorded. If there have been any, they have not been significant enough to mention.
It is clear to see that the benefits are many. Lion's Mane may seem somewhat complicated, but it is that complicity that makes it so effective. It works on bodily processes to ensure they continue to function the way that they're supposed to. This provides a degree of equilibrium in your life that you need to function properly. You'll feel better and you'll even live longer when you take care of yourself. The benefits can't be denied, so it is ideal to start your intake of Lion's Mane as soon as you can.
https://sites.google.com/site/forgetmenotps/mushroom/health-benefits-of-mushrooms
The Lion’s Mane Mushroom Explained
Also known as Hericium Erinaceus, this powerful mushroom shows great promise in benefiting the human nervous system. The way it benefits the nerves of the human body deserves a bit more of an explanation. You see, the body naturally produces a substance known as NGF, or Nerve Growth Factor. What NGF does, ultimately, is aid in the production of new neurons, the basic building blocks of the nervous system.
Simply put, increasing the output of NGF increases the creation of new and valuable neurons. And that’s just what it appears that the Lion’s Mane Mushroom does. This is certainly exciting news for people suffering from neurological disorders, like Parkinson’s disease, or for those of us who want to stay as mentally sharp as possible at all times. But there are even more benefits to this powerful herb.
Lion's Mane Mushroom - Additional Benefits
In addition to aiding the production of NGF, the Lion’s Mane also boosts your immune system. This is not unusual, as many other mushrooms do this as well. You’d think that benefits like these would be enough to convince everyone that adding healthy mushrooms and mushroom extracts to their diets is a smart idea. Unfortunately, though, this kind of useful information doesn’t get passed through the standard government or media channels, so most people never even know just how powerful, and helpful, medicinal mushrooms are.
Here are a few other benefits to consuming Lion’s Mane Mushrooms:
- It helps to regulate blood sugar levels
- It helps to battle the underlying conditions that lead to Alzheimer’s disease
- It rapidly speeds up the healing of painful ulcers
- It acts as a powerful memory and nervous system booster
- It helps to promote a healthier digestive system
http://www.bewellbuzz.com/wellness-buzz/lions-mane-mushroom/
Lion's Main Mushroom - Additional Research
Lion's Mane Mushroom is one of the most interesting medicinal mushrooms. The tea made from Lion’s Mane mushrooms has been used for centuries in traditional Japanese herbalism, primarily as a "tonic". The modern scientific research now tells us it was the beta glucans in the mushroom tea that were in fact offering immune support, among other health benefits.*
Recent studies also show that hot water/alcohol extracts of Lion’s Mane mushroom may strengthen memory and concentration and enhance cognitive abilities.* This research indicates that the hot water/alcohol extract of Lion's Mane may stimulate the synthesis of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and may promote and accelerate the process of myelination.*
All of the research on Lion's Mane mushroom, as well as all of the recorded use in traditional Chinese and Japanese herbalism, has involved the use of hot water extracts.
This is because the active compounds are found inside the cell walls, and, like all medicinal mushrooms, the cell walls of Lion's Mane mushrooms and mycelium are composed of an indigestible fiber called "chitin". Hot water extraction is the only research validated process for breaking the active compounds out, into a bioavailable form.
There has not been any research done on the unextracted mycelium powder of Lion's Mane ,mushroom nor has there been any research done on the tinctures of Lion's Mane mushrooms or Lion's Mane mycelium (liquids preserved in alcohol).
http://www.mushroomscience.com/products/lions-mane-mushroom/
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Brain Health - Promote Neurogenesis with Mushroom Extracts
MycoFormulas Memory nourishes your nervous system with four medicinal mushrooms that have been shown to safely and sustainably promote healthy brain function.
Our Memory formula features Hericium erinaceus, a mushroom more commonly called Lion's Mane because of its unique fruit body. Lion's Mane is a gourmet and medicinal mushroom with native habitat found throughout North America, East Asia and Europe.
Native Americans applied Hericium erinaceus, also known as Lion's Mane topically to stop bleeding, and traditional Chinese doctors prescribed it to help keep the digestive tract healthy. Recent research has revealed that Lion's Mane enhances immune system performance and neurological function and is an effective agent against inflammation and tumor growth.
The death of neurons in the brain and the lack of an important protein called Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) have been linked to many modern neurological problems. Attempts made by conventional medicine to administer synthesized NGF orally and intravenously have been unsuccessful due to the NGF protein's inability to pass through the blood-brain barrier, a protective sheath surrounding the brain. The mycelium and fruit body of Lion's Mane contain unique low-weight molecules called Erinacines and Hericenones.
Amazingly, these naturally occurring mushroom molecules are bio-available to the human body and brain through dietary mycoceuticals. Once digested, they are small enough to safely pass through the blood-brain barrier and stimulate the production of NGF from within the brain. Before the discovery of this significant nutritional value found in Lion's Mane, most modern medical practitioners believed that it was not possible to stimulate the production of new neurons through the ingestion of foodstuffs.
Lion's Main Mushroom - Mycoformulas
In addition to being one of the best natural brain boosters around, Lion's Mane is also a rich source of protein, potassium, complex carbohydrates, iron, and fiber-a super food if there ever was one.
All of the mushrooms in MycoFormulas supplements are certified organic and grown in sterile and controlled laboratory conditions. Many features of our formulas set them apart from similar supplements. To ensure their potency and efficacy, independent third-party laboratories conduct thorough testing of all of our mushrooms. This process measures the amount of immune-enhancing polysaccharides, including the renowned anti-tumor agent beta-glucan. These potent polysaccharides activate a host-mediated response that can empower our immune system's natural ability to maintain an effective defense against viruses, bacteria and a host of other pathogens.
MycoFormulas manufactures the most potent full-spectrum organic mycoceutical nutritional supplements ever produced. 100% organic mushrooms are cultivated to express the full array of medicinal qualities at the highest potential possible. Through the adjustment of growth parameters throughout the life cycle of the mushrooms, full-spectrum cultivation techniques mimic the natural environment of their native habitat. As a result, the full range of bioactive immune-supporting mushroom molecules are readily available. A little extra time and care takes MycoFormulas to the next level of mycoceutical-grade medicinals.
http://www.mycoformulas.com/memory-mushroom-supplements.html
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Maitake (Grifola Frondosa)

Maitake (Grifola Frondosa) Why this Medicinal Mushroom?
Maitake (Grifola frondosa, or hen of the woods) is a culinary as well as medicinal mushroom widely used in Japan and increasingly, in other parts of the world. Literally called ‘dancing mushroom’, maitake grows in clusters and can grow to a large size, reaching 20 inches in diameter and weighing up to 100 pounds.
Health Benefits of Maitake:
A bioactive extract derived from maitake’s beta-glucan known as maitake D-fraction has been a subject of many research studies. The interest comes mainly from the extract’s ability to modulate the immune system and inhibit tumor cell growth.
Several improved maitake extracts were later developed. One of them, maitake MD-fraction, has reportedly received positive results in the treatment of a few cases of leukemia, liver and lung cancer.
How to Get and Use Maitake:
Fresh, and sometimes dried, maitake can be bought from large supermarkets and Asian stores.
But if the idea of eating fungi every day is hard to stomach, there is always maitake capsules to make the swallowing easier.
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Oyster Mushroom

Oyster mushrooms have been used for thousands of years as a culinary and medicinal ingredient. These mushrooms resemble oysters, and therefore, are named oyster mushrooms, and can be found growing in the wild on dead trees or fallen logs. Another reason why they are called ‘oyster mushrooms’ is that they do not typically taste like mushrooms but more like shellfish.
These mushrooms can be found in different colors like grey, white, yellow, dark brown and occasionally, even pink. The color of the mushroom is usually a result of the growing conditions. The growing conditions also affect the taste. The stems are quite tender and the entire mushroom is edible. It retains its firm texture even after cooking. Tender mushrooms tend to be tastier while the bigger ones are chewier but are still sweet.
Oyster mushrooms have a rich history in traditional Chinese medicine from as early as 3,000 years ago, particularly as a tonic for the immune system. These mushrooms are also called elephant mushroom, oyster cap mushroom, tree mushroom and shimeji.
Source: http://www.livestrong.com/article/348755-oyster-mushroom-health-benefits/#ixzz2BqCDVfAC

Health Benefits - Oyster Mushroom
Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is an edible fungus, high in nutritents and found widely in North America and Europe. Oyster mushroom has been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years to treat a variety of conditions, for example:
Lowering cholesterol, improving heart health, nutrition deficiencies, allergies, ulcers, liver problems, gastrointestinal problems, inflammation, auto-immune diseases, controlling blood pressure, treating infections, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and cancer.
Extract from the pink oyster mushroom has shown to stop the proliferation of cancerous cells. Extracts of king oyster mushroom has shown to stimulate the immune function. Use of mushroom in cancer treatment is an on-going research activity that has a lot of promise. Oyster mushrooms are also known to benefit people trying to quit tobacco products or even counter the Hepatitis C virus.
Oyster mushrooms can also be useful as an anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-cancer and anti-tumor agent, and can produce enzyme hydrolysis and enzyme oxidation. This fungus is also believed to have medicinal properties for various diseases such as liver disease, diabetes, anemia ... and can also be useful in killing nematodes. Other people who will benefit by including them in their daily diet are those suffering from anemia, hyper-acidity (acidosis), constipation and of course, to boost general immunity.
Read more: http://healthmad.com/nutrition/ingredients-and-benefits-of-white-oyster-mushrooms/#ixzz2BqkY1wte
According to a study published in "Food Chemistry", oyster mushrooms contain significant levels of zinc, copper, iron, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin C, folic acid, niacin, and vitamins B-1 and B-2. Oyster mushrooms are high in B complex vitamins and protein. Vitamin B3 in oyster mushrooms is 5-10 times higher as compared to any other vegetable. Oyster mushrooms contain the majority of the mineral salts that are required by the human body. Mushrooms are also known to provide vitamin D which helps strengthen bones.
Calcium, phosphorous and iron content in oyster mushrooms is approximately double the amount available in beef, pork and chicken meat, yet oyster mushrooms are fat and cholesterol free. The texture of oyster mushroom is wonderful, velvety and the flavor is mild in nature. The study concluded that consuming oyster mushrooms as part of a healthy diet contributes to recommended nutritional requirements.
In addition to providing these essential vitamins and nutrients, oyster mushrooms are also: cholesterol free, fat free, low in carbohydrates, low in calories, low in sodium, high in protein and high in fiber. Thus, oyster mushrooms will help with weight loss due to high fiber content, and are very good for digestion making it suitable for dieters.
Oyster mushrooms also contain 9 kinds of amino acid lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, and phenylalanine. 72% fat in oyster mushrooms are unsaturated fatty acids that are safe for consumption either suffering from excess cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) and other disorders of lipid metabolism.
28% saturated fatty acids and the presence of such a polysaccharide chitin on the suspected cause of oyster mushroom oyster flavor also contain important vitamins, especially vitamin B, C and D. Vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), niacin and provitamin D2 (ergosterol), the oyster mushroom is high. The main minerals are highest Potassium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Calcium, and Magnesium.
Mineral highest is Zn, Fe, Mo, Co, Pb. Concentrations of K, P, Na, Ca and Me reached 56-70% of the total ash with K levels reached 45%. Mineral mikroelemen that is metal in the womb oyster needle low, so it is safe to eat mushrooms every day.
Read more: http://healthmad.com/nutrition/ingredients-and-benefits-of-white-oyster-mushrooms/#ixzz2BqdvF3ax
Anti-Oxidants - Ergothioeine - Selenium - Oyster Mushroom
The anti-oxidant properties of the oyster mushrooms are due to a compound called ‘ergothioneine’, a unique anti-oxidant exclusively produced by fungi which is not destroyed even when you cook the mushrooms. For example, a 3-ounce portion of mushrooms can contain up to 13 mg of ergothioneine. Ergothioneine is known to protect cells and build immunity.
According to a 2010 study led by Penn State food scientist Joy Dubost. The study found that oyster mushrooms have significant antioxidant properties that protect cells in the body. A 3 oz. serving of oyster mushrooms contains 13 mg of ergothioneine, and cooking the mushrooms does not reduce this level.
Oyster mushrooms also provide a source of selenium, niacin, and riboflavin. Selenium acts as an antioxidant, providing protection from the effects of cell damage resulting from free radicals. Recent studies suggest that regular consumption of selenium reduce prostate cancer risk.
Source: http://benefitof.net/benefits-of-oyster-mushrooms/
Source: http://www.livestrong.com/article/348755-oyster-mushroom-health-benefits/#ixzz2BqCDVfAC
Anti-Bacterial - Benzaldehyde - Vitamin B12 - Oyster Mushroom
The anti-bacterial function in oyster mushrooms is because of the compound benzaldehyde. This compound reduces levels of bacteria in the body. Cooking these mushrooms provides a boost of riboflavin along with the earthy taste of mushrooms. Riboflavin is a form of B12 vitamin and these mushrooms ensure you receive your daily intake of this vitamin.
Oyster mushrooms have significant antibacterial activity, according to a 1997 study published in the "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry." The study found that the active compound benzaldehyde reduces bacterial levels. It may form on the mushroom as a reaction to stress.
Source: http://www.livestrong.com/article/348755-oyster-mushroom-health-benefits/#ixzz2BqCDVfAC
Anti-Fungal - Peptides - Oyster Mushrooms
Pleurostrin, a peptide derived from the fruiting bodies of Oyster mushroom, exhibited antifungal properties (2). Mevinolin, another compound, decreases cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting HMG CoA reductase, which is the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis (3).
Source: http://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/herb/oyster-mushroom
Anti-Microbial - Beta-D Glucans - Polysaccharides - Oyster Mushroom
The presence of potent polysaccharide compounds, particularly beta-D-glucans in the oyster mushroom, has a positive effect as anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-viral (including AIDS), fight cholesterol, anti-fungal, antibacterial, and can improve system imunnity.
Read more: http://healthmad.com/nutrition/ingredients-and-benefits-of-white-oyster-mushrooms/#ixzz2BqkY1wte
Anti-Inflammatory - Terpenoids - Oyster Mushrooms
Also found in oyster mushrooms are terpenoids. Terpenoids kill bacteria and viruses, producing an anti-inflammatory effect in the body.
Source: http://www.evitamins.com/a/oyster-mushrooms-healthy-cholesterol-280
Arthritis - Osteo Health- Chitin - Polysaccharides - Oyster Mushrooms
Chitin is a polysaccharide found in oyster mushrooms which will benefit athritic conditions. Chitin is the primary structural material in mushrooms and has been shown to be of value as dietary fiber. Like cartilage, chitin, is primarily acetylglucosamine and a similar sugar acetylgalactosamine.
Glucosamine often with chondroitin has become a very common, but expensive, food supplement prescribed by doctors for various arthritic and osteo conditions. Chitin, found in oyster mushrooms, would provide a potent source of bio-natural glucosamine at considerable lower cost to prescribed pills and supplements.
Source: http://nutrionomics.com/Article%20-%20Nutrition/arthritis_mushrooms_01.pdf
Cancer - Lectins - Peptins - Polysaccharides - Oyster Mushrooms
Oyster mushrooms contain polysaccharides. Polysaccharides is a complex carbohydrate comprised of small sugar molecules. The Research Institute of Nutrition found polysaccharides can have a positive effect on tumors by inhibiting further growth. Polysaccharides also help to strengthen the immune system, which contributes to fighting cancer.
A lectin isolated from the fruiting bodies of Oyster mushroom demonstrated anti-tumor activity in mice bearing sarcoma and hepatoma but the mechanism is not known (1). Another study found that the development of pre-cancerous aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was significantly reduced in mice that were fed a diet containing 10% pleuran, a beta-glucan isolated from Oyster mushroom (4).
In vitro experiments and studies done in mice have shown that Oyster mushroom has anti-tumor (1) (7) (8) (9) (12) (13), immunomodulatory (10) (11), anti-fungal (2), lipid lowering, and hypoglycemic (3) (6) properties. The beneficial effects are due to the polysaccharides, lectins, and peptides present in Oyster mushrooms.
Source: http://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/herb/oyster-mushroom
Cancer - Colon - Mycelium - Polysaccharides - Oyster Mushrooms
Pleurotus species have some medicinal value and probably should remain on your menu for that reason. There have been some studies done indicating that polysaccharides in Pleurotus ostreatus may be used in treatment of prostate cancer and other cancers.
Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of fractions of Pleurotus ostreatus were examined using HT-29 colon cancer cells in vitro. A hot-water-soluble fraction of the mycelium of the liquid cultured mushroom was partially isolated and chemically characterized as a low-molecular-weight alpha-glucan. HT-29 cells were exposed to the different isolates and significant inhibition of proliferation was obtained in a dose-dependent manner.
Proliferation inhibition was shown to be the result of apoptotic induction because the pro-apoptotic molecules Bax and cytosolic cytochrome-c were upregulated. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses of polysaccharide-treated HT-29 cells showed a high percentage of Annexin-positive cells.
Science Journal: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=abstractplus&db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=16413114
Cancer - Prostate - Polysaccharides - Selenium - Oyster Mushrooms
Oyster mushrooms also provide a source of selenium, niacin, and riboflavin. Selenium acts as an antioxidant, providing protection from the effects of cell damage resulting from free radicals. Recent studies suggest that regular consumption of selenium reduce prostate cancer risk.
Pleurotus species have some medicinal value and probably should remain on your menu for that reason. There have been some studies done indicating that polysaccharides in Pleurotus ostreatus may be used in treatment of prostate cancer and other cancers.
Twenty species of edible mushrooms and three purified mushroom polysaccharides were screened for their anti-tumor potential on human androgen-independent cancer PC-3 cells. A water-soluble extract (POE) prepared from the fresh oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus produced the most significant cytotoxicity on PC-3 cells among the mushroom species tested.
At the same time, POE induced a rapid apoptosis on PC-3 cells detected with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate flow cytometry when the cells were exposed to POE (150 microg/mL) for 2 hours. Induced apoptosis was also confirmed by DNA fragment terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling staining while POE (200 microg/mL) was added to PC-3 cells for 6 hours.
Both cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis mediated by POE in PC-3 cells are dose-dependent. Interestingly, PC-3 cells appeared to be more sensitive to POE in anchorage-independent growth condition. Tumor colony-forming efficiency was dramatically reduced to 4.5% or 0.5% in POE (60 or 120 microg/mL)-supplemented soft agar medium compared with that of POE-free medium (defined as 100%).
Temperature in POE processing plays a decisive role for the cytotoxic activity. Bioactivity of POE was eliminated by exposure to high temperature (80 degrees C) for 2 hours; however, it remained stable at a series temperatures of below 40 degrees C. The active fraction POE-F2 was analyzed and identified by size exclusion of high performance liquid chromatography and the CellTiter 96 AQueous Cell Proliferation Assay (Promega, Madison, WI).
Since POE-F2 is also sensitive to heat and has strong 280 nm absorption, the results imply that active compounds recovered from P. ostreatus are water-soluble proteins or polypeptides.
Source: http://benefitof.net/benefits-of-oyster-mushrooms/
Science Journal: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16822205?dopt=abstractplus
Cancer - Video - Cures - Medical Research - Medicinal Mushrooms
Mushroom Cancer Research Studies / Results: (Click Here for Video)
Source http://renegadehealth.com/blog/2010/04/12/paul-stamets-on-medicinal-mushrooms-and-cancer
Heart Health - Blood Pressure - Stroke - Potassium - Oyster Mushroom
Oyster mushrooms provide a great source of potassium and low in sodium, which helps reduce high blood pressure in patients with heart problem. It also offers protection from heart diseases and stroke since it has cardiovascular effects. These mushrooms also contain statins which are well-known cholesterol lowering drugs.
Heart Health - Cholesterol - Chitin - Mycelium - Oyster Mushroom
Experiments suggest that chitosans capture cholesterol and bile in the intestines and carry them out so that the body can not absorb or reabsorb them.
During a March 23rd episode of "Dr. OZ," Dr. Mehmet Oz recommended the consumption of oyster mushrooms to lower cholesterol levels. He suggested individuals with high cholesterol eat a half cup of oyster mushrooms per day. You can eat them cooked or raw and experience the same effects.
Consuming oyster mushrooms can decrease cholesterol levels naturally, which can potentially reduce the need for prescription medication. Oyster mushrooms contain statins, which are typically taken in drug form to lower "bad" (LDL) cholesterol. Statins wake up receptors in the liver, which take in cholesterol to pass it through the liver much more readily to rid the body of cholesterol.
While oyster mushrooms are effective in lowering cholesterol, those suffering from the condition should not reduce or cease the use of their cholesterol medication without consulting with their doctor. Not only can consuming oyster mushrooms help with high cholesterol, they can also help with controlling blood pressure and inflammation.
Source: http://www.evitamins.com/a/oyster-mushrooms-healthy-cholesterol-280
Immune System Health - Mycelium - Oyster Mushroom
Medicinal mushrooms (including oyster mushroom) have approximately 12,000 genes controlling the production of more than 200,000 compounds. Each mushroom species has a unique genetic identity and molecular architecture. This is what defines a species. After thousands of years of experimentation by our ancestors, we now know which are some of the most beneficial of the tens of thousands of mushrooms in existence.
We can now benefit from the natural host defenses of not just mushrooms, but also their precursor living mycelium, an opportunity that was not accessible to the ancients. Embedded within this highly integrated molecular matrix of fungal cells are beneficial active ingredients. Our bodies are able to utilize these active ingredients, provided the mycomaterial is pure, genetically potent and bioavailable.
Seven primary constituent classes, promote the immunity enhancing effects of mushrooms:
1. Polysaccharides (ex. Alpha & Beta-glucans): Immunomodulating.
2. Glycoproteins (ex. PSK): Immunomodulating.
3. Triterpenes (Sterols, ex. sistosterols, stigmasterols, campesterols).
4. Lipids: Cholesterol modulating.
5. Proteins (Enzymes): Antioxidants.
6. Cyathane Derivatives (ex. erinacines & hericenones, nerve growth stimulant factors)
7. Secondary Metabolites.
Source: http://www.fungi.com/blog/items/beta-glucan-analysis-and-the-seven-pillars-of-immunity.html
Immune System Health - Polysaccharides - Oyster Mushroom
Oyster mushrooms contain polysaccharides. Polysaccharides is a complex carbohydrate comprised of small sugar molecules. The Research Institute of Nutrition found polysaccharides can have a positive effect on tumors by inhibiting further growth. Polysaccharides also help to strengthen the immune system, which contributes to fighting cancer.
Learn more: http://nutrionomics.com/
Learn More: http://americanmushrooms.com/medicinals.htm
Learn More: Turkey Tail Mushroom - Cancer Research - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/paul-stamets/mushrooms-cancer_b_1560691.html
"Since many of these poisons are showing up in the umbilical cord blood of infants,
it`s about time we got serious about getting them out of the environment. Using mushroom mycelium is an
environmentally friendly way to do it, and it`s far less expensive than conventional methods of environmental cleanup."
- Paul Stemets - Mycologist and Author
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Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum)

Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) Why this Medicinal Mushroom?
Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum, or Lingzhi in Chinese) has been revered as the mushroom of immortality in many parts of Asia for centuries. Ancient people used it to enhance qi (life force), sharpen memory, calm the mind, and promote longevity. This kidney-shaped mushroom comes in a few different colors — green, purple, red, yellow and black — but red reishi is the most commonly used.
Health Benefits of Reishi:
Laboratory tests revealed that bioactive compounds derived from reishi have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and immuno-modulatory properties. Several reishi-derived substances are also antibacterial and anti-viral, exerting direct inhibitory actions against human herpes viruses, influenza virus, vesicular stomatitis as well as HIV in the lab.
What’s interesting to note is that polysaccharides from reishi and other medicinal mushrooms, do not kill viruses and cancer cells directly. Instead they activate the body’s own immune cells to attack harmful cells (an action termed as immuno-modulation), thereby increasing the body’s defense against infections and cancer.
Reishi also contains ganoderic acid which could confer protective effects on the liver, and other yet-to-be-identified components that help to reduce radiation-induced damages and side effects caused by chemotherapy.
How to Get and Use Reishi:
Wild reishi mushrooms are rare, and when available, are costly. Thankfully, reishi mushroom has been successfully cultivated which helps to bring its prices down. Due to its bitter taste, reishi is seldom used in cuisines. It’s more commonly used in dried form as Chinese medicine, or in convenient reishi extract capsules which do not require lengthy preparation.
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Shiitake Mushroom Nutrition
By Nicole Wolverton
Shiitake mushrooms, a variety of Japanese mushroom, are available throughout the United States in grocery stores and specialty shops. The Mushroom Growers’ Newsletter reports that shiitake mushrooms are the second most produced mushroom worldwide, enjoying a growing popularity. This mushroom finds use in a variety of recipes, known for their rich, smoky flavor.
Calories
A 1-cup serving of shiitake mushrooms contains 81.2 calories. This represents 4 percent of the calories you may include in your meal plan each day, based on a 2,000-calorie diet. While you can eat these mushrooms on their own, it’s more common for them to be a part of a dish.
http://www.vitalitymushrooms.com/2012/07/04/shiitake-mushroom-nutrition/
Shiitake Mushroom Macronutrients
The majority of calories in shiitake mushrooms come from carbohydrates — a 1-cup serving contains 20.9g. The carbohydrates in your diet primarily serve as energy, after your body converts them to glucose. This portion of shiitake mushrooms also provides you with 2.3g of protein and 0.3g of fat.
Vitamins
Shiitake mushrooms serve as a rich source of B vitamins. One cup contains 52.1 percent of the daily recommended value of vitamin B-5, also known as pantothenic acid. This vitamin may play a role in treating acne, alcoholism, asthma, autism, heart failure, depression and convulsions, among other conditions. A 1-cup serving of shiitake mushrooms also provides 24.5 percent of the vitamin B-2 you need each day, 10.9 percent of vitamin B-3 and 11.5 percent of vitamin B-6.
Minerals
Selenium, an essential mineral for your body’s function, is found in abundance in shiitake mushrooms. A 1-cup serving has 51.4 percent of the selenium you need daily. This mineral helps your body manufacture proteins that prevent cell damage, and it may decrease your risk of developing some types of cancer. One cup of shiitake mushrooms also contains 3.5 percent of the daily recommended value of iron, a mineral your body uses to make blood cells.
Shiitake Mushroom Benefits
Research published in the November 2010 issue of “The Journal of Nutrition” notes that shiitake mushrooms reduced arthritis pain in mice; human studies are needed to determine if shiitake mushrooms will benefit humans in the same way. The American Cancer Society also notes that shiitake mushrooms may influence the immune system, which may prevent cancer and AIDS from developing or getting worse. These mushrooms may also lower your cholesterol. Research is needed to confirm these claims.
References
CalorieLab: Mushrooms, Shiitake, Cooked, Without Salt
The Mushroom Growers’ Newsletter: A Small-Scale Agriculture Alternative: Shiitake Mushrooms
MedlinePlus: Carbohydrates
MedlinePlus: Pantothenic Acid
MedlinePlus: Selenium in Diet
MedlinePlus: Iron in Diet
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Vitamin D - Scientific Research - Medicinal Mushrooms
Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that boosts the immune system and plays vital roles in human metabolism. Did you know that tasty mushrooms are one source for vitamin D, and that you can naturally multiply their levels by exposing them to sunlight?
We evolved living in more sunlight than today. We make our own vitamin D when sunlight hits our skin cells. Many people living in the northern hemisphere, however, suffer from lower levels of vitamin D during the fall, winter and spring. Fortunately, you can make your own supply of vitamin D-enriched mushrooms by simply exposing them to sunlight. You can sun dry or UV-zap store-bought or homegrown shiitake, maitake, button, and many other mushroom species.
My personal preference is home grown organic shiitake. The high vitamin D levels generated will last for more than a year. Surprisingly, even sliced and dried mushrooms—including wild ones picked the year before—will soar in vitamin D when placed outdoors under the sun. Now, the summer time, from June until September, is the best seasonal window for people in northern latitudes to make vitamin D enriched mushrooms!
Many physicians view low levels of vitamin D as a serious medical pre-condition. In extreme cases, vitamin D deficiencies can cause diseases such as rickets. Insidious diseases, such as cancer, are immune-mitigated. Without adequate vitamin D levels, your immune system is impaired. This is why cancer patients are often prescribed high daily doses of vitamin D, up to 4,000-10,000 International Units (IU), compared to the FDA recommended Daily Value (DV) dose of 400 IU for adults over 50 years in age. Please consult your physician before taking such large doses (1 IU is equal to 40 micrograms).
New recommendations from the Institute of Medicine, a branch of the National Academy of Sciences, increase the dosage to 600 IU per day for people up to age 70, and 800 IU for those over 70. Many naturopaths and physicians suggest ingesting at least 1,000 IU/day. A 2012 report in theJournal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism combined the results of eight clinical studies and showed that older people taking 1,000 IU of vitamin D, in combination with 1,000 mg of calcium, for three years had a 7% reduced death rate (Rejnmark, 2012).
When not ingesting vitamin D mushrooms, and especially when traveling, I take a 1,000 IU wild Sockeye Salmon vitamin D3/Omega 3 product (VitalChoice- www.vitalchoice.com) several times a week, or daily when I remember.
The commercially common sources of vitamin D are vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) that comes from sheep’s wool (lanolin), pigskins, and some oily fish (mackerel, sardines, anchovies, herring, trout, and salmon). Mushrooms and animal skins create vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.Mushrooms are rich in the vitamin D precursor ergosterol, which ultraviolet B (between wavelengths of 290 nm to 315 nm) converts to ergocalciferols, also called provitamin D2. Mammfal epidermis has cholecalciferol, which ultraviolet light converts to D3.
Which is better, Vitamin D3 or D2?
The New England Journal of Medicine published an exhaustive article comparing the metabolic pathways of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 (Holick, 2007). Our enzymes convert both D vitamins into 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and then into the active form of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in our kidneys. This form of vitamin D can bind to receptors in various tissues around the body for use. One advantage of vitamin D3 is its longevity after ingestion—staying in the bloodstream for weeks compared to days for vitamin D2. However, for people taking vitamin D supplements several times a week, there seems to be no significant advantage in taking one form or the other.
Moreover, eating mushrooms packed with vitamin D2 confers many other health benefits. Mushrooms have many helpful nutrients, including beta glucans for immune enhancement, ergothioneines for antioxidative potentiation, nerve growth stimulators for helping brain function, and antimicrobial compounds for limiting viruses. I will write more about these in future issues of the Huffington Post.
While making your own vitamin D3 from sheep or pigskins may be possible, it is rather gruesome and technically difficult. Consuming vitamin D3 from fish is not an option for vegetarians. Vitamin D from mushrooms is not only vegan and vegetarian friendly, but you can prepare your own by exposing mushrooms to the summer sun. Mushrooms grown indoors have very little vitamin D but reserve great potential for hyper-producing it.
Here is a simple experiment we did one summer afternoon in Kamilche Point, Washington. We compared several forms of organically grown shiitake mushrooms, which had starting level of 100 IU/100 grams. We compared the vitamin D levels of three sets of mushrooms, all from the same crop. The first was grown and dried indoors. The second set was dried outdoors in the sunlight with their gills facing down. The third set of mushrooms was dried outdoors in the sunlight with their gills facing upwards for full sun exposure.
The most vitamin D was found in shiitake dried with gills up that were exposed to sunlight for two days, six hours per day. The vitamin D levels in these mushrooms soared from 100 IU/100 grams to nearly 46,000 IU/100 grams (see chart). Their stems, though, produced very little vitamin D, only about 900 IU. Notably, vitamin D levels dropped on the third day, probably due to over-exposure to UV.
Most interesting to me is that when we tested our mushrooms nearly a year after exposure, they preserved significant amounts of vitamin D2. I suspect values are much higher initially, gradually falling in time, consistent with reports by other researchers. This means that you can capture vitamin D in mushrooms and have a ready source of this important vitamin—and delicious mushrooms—through the fall, winter, and spring.
How much vitamin D can 100 grams of fresh mushrooms make from sunlight?
A lot, but a lot more when mushrooms are dried, pulverized, and then exposed to UVB light lamps.
Robert Beelman at Penn State University was one of the pioneers who learned that pulsing high intensity beams of UV could generate vitamin D (and also, bonus, surface-sterilize the mushrooms). Thanks in large part to his work, UV-exposed mushrooms—primarily the fresh button variety—are increasingly available in grocery stores. When we ranked the vitamin D concentrations of shiitake exposed to no light, exposed to sunlight with gills up, and exposed to continuous UVB light after slicing, the results were impressive: more than a six-fold increase under UVB light compared with sunlight.
These results make sense. When mushrooms were sliced, more ergosterol-rich surface area was exposed. The indoor UV light was more intense than sunlight. The combination of these resulted in more vitamin D being produced. Although up to 12 hours of sun exposure to upside-down (gills up) shiitakes created 46,000 IU of vitamin D, I am sure sliced ones would give you more, as the surface area would increase. However, the sun is a convenie
nt source of UVB whereas setting up a UVB light chamber is not.
A natural question to ask is how much of the vitamin D from consuming mushrooms makes it into my bloodstream?
Research study: Comparing 26 people who took a vitamin D2 supplement to 26 others ingesting vitamin D-enriched mushrooms four times per week for five weeks, researchers at the University Medical Center in Frieburg, Germany found that the serum levels of vitamin D were similar. They used button mushrooms exposed to UV light that resulted in 20,000 IU/100 grams fresh weight. Subjects ingested 120 grams fresh (≈24,000 IU) of vitamin D-enriched mushrooms, which is about a quarter of a lb., roughly a handful.
Results: The results showed similar levels of vitamin D were absorbed in the blood in both groups: those who ingested a supplement in pill form and those who put freshly cooked mushrooms in soup. At the end of the study, both groups’ serum vitamin D levels increased to ~50 nmol/L, which is considered to be a healthy baseline level. A general consensus amongst many health care practitioners is that you need to replenish your vitamin D so blood serum levels are between 50 and 125 nmol/L of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Care should be taken to avoid over-supplementation, as serum levels over 125 nmol/L can be hazardous
Source: http://www.fungi.com/blog/items/place-mushrooms-in-sunlight-to-get-your-vitamin-d.html
Source: http://www.fungi.com/blog/items/information-about-mushrooms-health.html
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Crude Natural Extract vs Isolated Purified Extracts - Mushrooms
There are several studies suggesting the high-molecular-weight polysaccharide family has greater stimulatory effects than any one of its isolated constituents:
- Adachi et al (1990) found that there was greater immunological benefit from a heat-treated 'mother' polysaccharide (800,000+ m.w.) than from the isolated, derivative polysaccharides of lower molecular weights of 250,000, 21,000, and 6400.
- Mizuno (1995, pp. 32-33) and Broffman (1997) also underscored the importance of constituents other than (1-3)-ß-D-glucans, and suggested that other components within the mushrooms helped increase activity.
The following model is suggested: the human immune system is stimulated by the decomposition of coarse polysaccharides into synergistic subcomponents, thus enhancing immunological responses. In essence, this effect may be summarized by the adage that "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts."
Hence, a crude extract is, in my opinion, better than any one isolated, purified constituent. - Paul Stemets - Mycologist and Author
Source: http://www.fungi.com/blog/items/information-about-mushrooms-health.html
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Soil Health - Detoxify Chemicals - Mycleium - Oyster Mushroom
Much of the land, air and water around the world have been contaminated by industrial waste and pollution. Many people are affected by the filth as it`s unfortunate but true that what`s in the air and water around our homes regularly ends up inside of our bodies. The problems are serious, but fortunately, nature has provided us with an environmental solution in an unlikely package: mushrooms.
Mycelium from mushrooms has the unique ability to breakdown and detoxify a great deal of toxic industrial waste and pollution. Mycelium is actually the fruit of a mushroom. In forests, the mycelia breakdown and recycle nitrogen, carbon and plant and animal debris; they turn the forests` waste products into rich soil.
Paul Stemets (a longtime mushroom researcher) discovered that mushroom mycelium also has the unique ability to break down hydrocarbons - and hydrocarbons are at the base of many industrial pollutants. Everything from pesticides to dioxins have a hydrocarbon base.
According to Stemets, mycelium can break down and detoxify biological warfare agents and heavy metals, including lead and mercury. In addition, he`s found that mycelium can remove industrial toxins from the soil, including pesticides, chlorine, dioxin, and PCBs.
"Since many of these poisons are showing up in the umbilical cord blood of infants,
it`s about time we got serious about getting them out of the environment. Using mushroom mycelium is an
environmentally friendly way to do it, and it`s far less expensive than conventional methods of environmental cleanup."
- Paul Stemets - Mycologist and Author
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Conventional methods of removing industrial contamination include treating the waste with chemicals or capturing the waste and burning it. Of course, the burning of industrial waste just releases those chemicals right back into the air we all breathe. And this time, it contains new and unknown chemical combinations - ones that might be more dangerous than the original ones.
To cleanse the soil of contaminants, mycelium absorbs the compounds of the soil and water around it. It acts as a filter to remove any usable materials, and then it releases enzymes to break down any remaining contaminants. As an example of its effectiveness: when soil contaminated with diesel fuel is inoculated with mycelia from oyster mushrooms, it was found to lose its toxicity in just 8 weeks.
Many plants benefit from a relationship with mycelium, and mycelium makes up about 10 percent of many healthy soils. Trees often become more drought and disease resistant with mycelium. Mycelium can also kill many agricultural pests; it even kills problems including Staphylococcus sp. and E. coli.
Stemets tells us that mycelium can also be used to cleanse groundwater of contaminants and pollutants. Yet, as with many natural healing techniques, what we really need are more people using them.
Learn more: http://www.naturalnews.com/028132_detoxification_mycelium.html#ixzz2BqDyQLdV
http://www.vitalitymushrooms.com/2011/01/13/lions-mane-mushroom/
http://www.vitalitymushrooms.com/category/lions-mane/
Learn more: http://nutrionomics.com/
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